The purpose of the project activity is the installation of a 60 MW solar photovoltaic power plant for clean electricity generation from Solar Energy. The project activity replaces anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere, which is estimated to be approximately 99,453 tCO2e annually, by displacing the equivalent amount of electricity generation through the operation of the existing fuel mix in the grid comprising mainly fossil fuel-based power plants.

The purpose of this project activity is the installation of a 60 MW solar photovoltaic power plant for clean electricity generation from solar energy. It reduces anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere, estimated at approximately 99,453 tCO2e annually, by displacing an equivalent amount of electricity generation from the existing grid fuel mix, which mainly comprises fossil fuel-based power plants.

Grid-connected electricity generation from renewable sources

60 MW solar Power plant in Karnataka M/s Asian Fab Tec Limited

The 15.14 acre Harvey Manning Park Expansion project is part of 33 acres in the “Issaquah Alps” comprised of Tiger, Squak, and Cougar Mountains, above Lake Sammamish. Within Issaquah city limits and the Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area corridor, the 100+ year old forest includes riparian and wetland habitat that supports wildlife corridors on Cougar Mountain and protects cool freshwater streams that feed Tibbetts Creek, a salmon-bearing tributary to Lake Sammamish. The City of Issaquah worked with community, King County, and the Trust for Public Land to protect this site.

City Forest Credits Tree Preservation Protocol - 40 Years

Harvey Manning Park Expansion

The Project titled under UCR is “228 MW Bundled Wind Power Projects of Leap Green Energy Pvt. Ltd. by IGESL”, This wind power project is located in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra (India). As per the ex-ante estimate, the project will generate approximately 307,002 MWh of electricity per annum. The estimated annual average CO2e emission reduction by the project activity is expected to be 276302 tCO2e

This project, titled under UCR as the “228 MW Bundled Wind Power Projects of Leap Green Energy Pvt. Ltd. by IGESL,” is a wind power project located in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra, India. Based on the ex-ante estimate, it generates approximately 307,002 MWh of electricity per annum. The project achieves an estimated annual average CO2e emission reduction of 276,302 tCO2e.

228 MW Bundled Wind Projects in RJ, MP and Maharashtra, India

The proposed project activity is the installation of an 18 MW solar photovoltaic power plant/unit for the generation of clean electricity by harnessing the renewable “Solar Energy”. The project is being implemented in Karnataka India by Asian Fab Tec Limited. The Project activity reduces 2,11,361 t-CO2e/annum greenhouse gas emissions (GHG).

This project activity involves the installation of an 18 MW solar photovoltaic power plant for generating clean electricity by harnessing renewable solar energy. The project is implemented in Karnataka, India, by Asian Fab Tec Limited. It reduces 211,361 tCO2e in greenhouse gas emissions annually.

135 MW solar Power plant in Karnataka M/s Asian Fab Tec Limited

The proposed project activity is to generate electricity using a clean and renewable source of energy i.e., solar radiation. The project activity displaces grid electricity consumption (e.g. grid import) at the user end. The project activity of 36 MWh total capacity involves the installation and operation of a solar power plant in Tirunannamalai district in the state of Tamil Nadu.

This project activity generates electricity using a clean and renewable energy source, namely solar radiation. It displaces grid electricity consumption, such as grid imports, at the user end. The project, with a total capacity of 36 MW, involves the installation and operation of a solar power plant in Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu.

30 MW Solar Power Project TKSPL, Tamil Nadu, India

Limenet is an Italian climate tech company revolutionizing carbon removal with its patented 

pH-equilibrated Ocean Alkalinization technology

—a groundbreaking method that accelerates the natural oceanic carbon cycle to combat anthropogenic emissions. This innovative approach permanently stores CO₂ in seawater as equilibrated calcium bicarbonates, increasing ocean alkalinity and helping restore marine ecosystems affected by acidification.Technology & Methodology

Limenet’s process mirrors and amplifies the Earth’s natural geochemical cycles. The company captures CO₂ from the atmosphere or industrial sources, such as the Iren biogas plant in Reggio Emilia, and reacts it with calcium carbonate (lime) and seawater in a controlled reactor. This reaction produces an aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonates, which is then released into the ocean. The result is a stable, long-term carbon sink, capable of sequestering CO₂ for over 10,000 years, while simultaneously improving ocean chemistry.

Limenet’s industrial-scale pilot plant, operational since September 8, 2023, in 

, is the world’s largest facility for ocean-based CO₂ storage. It currently processes 100 kg of CO₂ per hour, with an annual target of 

Beyond carbon sequestration, Limenet’s ocean alkalinity enhancement has profound environmental benefits, including:

Mitigating ocean acidification, a major threat to marine life.Enhancing marine biodiversity, creating favorable conditions for coral reefs, seagrasses, and calcifying organisms.Boosting fisheries and coastal ecosystems by stabilizing ocean pH.Protecting marine food webs and pH-sensitive species like plankton and mollusks.

, creating favorable conditions for coral reefs, seagrasses, and calcifying organisms.

Boosting fisheries and coastal ecosystems

 and pH-sensitive species like plankton and mollusks.

This initiative is especially significant in Augusta, Sicily, where the site’s history as the 

 (Quadrilateral of Death)—an area devastated by petrochemical pollution—is being transformed into a beacon of environmental restoration.

Limenet’s technology is backed by years of scientific research from leading institutions such as 

 validating this approach. The company’s proprietary carbon removal methodology has been independently verified by RINA, one of the world’s oldest and most respected verification bodies.

To ensure full transparency, Limenet has developed a state-of-the-art 

digital monitoring, reporting, and verification (dMRV) system

, leveraging blockchain technology. Real-time data on CO₂ sequestration is recorded and securely stored on the Polygon blockchain, eliminating the risk of double counting and ensuring public accountability.

Limenet’s carbon removal credits adhere to ISO 14064-2 standards and are natively issued on a public blockchain-based system via the 

As one of the few companies globally leveraging the ocean for CO₂ sequestration, Limenet is positioning itself as an industry leader. With a patented process, a commitment to scientific excellence, and digital transparency, Limenet is set to make a lasting impact in the fight against climate change.

The purpose of the project activity is to install a Limenet storage plant at the gulf of Augusta (Siracusa, Italy) in order to permanently store CO2 in the form of calcium bicarbonates in seawater to remove CO2 emissions from the atmosphere and generate negative emissions. The aim of this document is to describe specifically the plant built in Augusta and calculate the removal of CO2 emissions due to the storage of CO2 in the form of calcium bicarbonates, by applying Limenet technology. The aim of Limenet is to remove CO2 emissions which come from different sources. CO2 can come from Direct Air Capture (DAC), biomass or other external sources. Depending on the process from which CO2 has been obtained, the type of CO2 storage will be considered removal or avoidance. The Augusta project aims at storing only biogenic CO2 after initial tests with technical CO2.

Verification Report of Voluntary Declarations Related to Greenhouse Gas Projects

Project Design Document CO2 storage following the application of  Limenet technology  in Augusta site

Methodology CO2 storage following the application of Limenet technology

Limenet is an Italian climate tech company revolutionizing carbon removal with its patented pH-equilibrated Ocean Alkalinization technology—a groundbreaking method that accelerates the natural oceanic carbon cycle to combat anthropogenic emissions. This innovative approach permanently stores CO₂ in seawater as equilibrated calcium bicarbonates, increasing ocean alkalinity and helping restore marine ecosystems affected by acidification.

Technology & Methodology

Limenet’s process mirrors and amplifies the Earth’s natural geochemical cycles. The company captures CO₂ from the atmosphere or industrial sources, such as the Iren biogas plant in Reggio Emilia, and reacts it with calcium carbonate (lime) and seawater in a controlled reactor. This reaction produces an aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonates, which is then released into the ocean. The result is a stable, long-term carbon sink, capable of sequestering CO₂ for over 10,000 years, while simultaneously improving ocean chemistry.

Limenet’s industrial-scale pilot plant, operational since September 8, 2023, in Augusta, Sicily, is the world’s largest facility for ocean-based CO₂ storage. It currently processes 100 kg of CO₂ per hour, with an annual target of 800 metric tons, and aims to scale up to 100,000 metric tons per year by 2028.

Environmental Impact & Co-Benefits

BOAE technology not only removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere but also provides a range of additional environmental benefits. By increasing ocean alkalinity, this approach plays a crucial role in mitigating ocean acidification, a major threat to marine ecosystems. The process fosters a more hospitable environment for marine biodiversity, particularly benefiting coral reefs, seagrasses, and calcifying organisms that depend on stable pH levels for survival.

In addition to enhancing biodiversity, Limenet’s technology supports fisheries and coastal ecosystems by stabilizing ocean chemistry, thereby promoting healthier fish populations and protecting marine food webs. Species highly sensitive to pH fluctuations, such as plankton and mollusks, benefit from these improvements, ensuring the resilience of oceanic ecosystems.
This initiative is particularly significant in Augusta, Sicily, where the site’s history as the quadrilatero della morte(Quadrilateral of Death)—an area devastated by petrochemical pollution—is being transformed into a beacon of environmental restoration.

Scientific Rigor & Digital Transparency 

Limenet’s technology is backed by years of scientific research from leading institutions such as Politecnico di Milano and Università Milano-Bicocca. Their research group, Desarc Maresanus, has published over 10 scientific papers validating this approach. The company’s proprietary carbon removal methodology has been independently verified by RINA, one of the world’s oldest and most respected verification bodies.

To ensure full transparency, Limenet has developed a state-of-the-art digital monitoring, reporting, and verification (dMRV) system, leveraging blockchain technology. Real-time data on CO₂ sequestration is recorded and securely stored on the Polygon blockchain, eliminating the risk of double counting and ensuring public accountability.

Limenet’s carbon removal credits adhere to ISO 14064-2 standards and are natively issued on a public blockchain-based system via the Carbonmark Direct solution.

Scaling Ocean-Based Carbon Removal

As one of the few companies globally leveraging the ocean for CO₂ sequestration, Limenet is positioning itself as an industry leader. With a patented process, a commitment to scientific excellence, and digital transparency, Limenet is set to make a lasting impact in the fight against climate change.

CO2 storage following the application of Limenet technology

CO2 storage following the application of  Limenet technology in Augusta site

Limenet is an Italian climate tech startup pioneering carbon removal through its patented pH-equilibrated Ocean Alkalinization technology. By mimicking natural processes, Limenet permanently stores CO₂ in seawater as calcium bicarbonates. In addition to carbon removal, this solution combats ocean acidification and helps restore marine ecosystems—delivering scalable, transparent, and scientifically verified results.

ISO 14064-2

Allegheny Land Trust protected 124 acres of woodlands from rapid encroaching residential development in Allegheny County. The 40 year old maple, cherry and oak-hickory forest provides habitat for deer, turkey, and birds, used by local hikers, birders, and mountain bikers. Located within the Youghiogheny River Watershed, this protected forest is five miles upstream from the Monongahela River, contributing to maintaining clean drinking water for the Pittsburgh region’s residents. Revenue from carbon credits is put towards acquisition costs, land stewardship, and expansion of conservation lands.

Buena Vista Heights Conservation Area

The proposed project titled under UCR is “12 MW small-scale bundled wind power project by M/S Shah Promoters and Developers”, which is a Wind Power project located in Satara district in the state of Maharashtra (India). As per the ex-ante estimate, the project will generate approximately 21024 MWh of electricity per annum. The project activity would be displacing equivalent quantum of grid electricity resulting in emission reduction of 18922 tCO2 per annum.

This project, titled under UCR as the “12 MW Small-Scale Bundled Wind Power Project by M/S Shah Promoters and Developers,” is a wind power project located in Satara District, Maharashtra, India. Based on the ex-ante estimate, it generates approximately 21,024 MWh of electricity per annum. The project displaces an equivalent amount of grid electricity, resulting in emission reductions of 18,922 tCO2 annually.

Grid connected renewable electricity generation

12 MW small-scale bundled wind power project by M/S Shah Promoters and Developers

The proposed project titled under UCR is “13.5 MW bundled Wind power project in Gujarat”, which is a Wind Power project located in Jamnagar districts in the state of Gujarat (India). This project has been promoted by M/S R & B Denims Ltd, M/S Ricon Industries, M/S Rudra Cottex Pvt Ltd, M/S Florenza Granito Pvt.Ltd and Orito Polyfab Private Limited. The estimated annual average and the total CO2e emission reduction by the project activity is expected to be 21,287 tCO2e.

This project, titled under UCR as the “13.5 MW Bundled Wind Power Project in Gujarat,” is a wind power project located in Jamnagar District, Gujarat, India. It is promoted by M/S R & B Denims Ltd, M/S Ricon Industries, M/S Rudra Cottex Pvt Ltd, M/S Florenza Granito Pvt Ltd, and Orito Polyfab Private Limited. The project achieves an estimated annual average CO2e emission reduction of 21,287 tCO2e.

13.5 MW small scale bundled Wind power project in Gujarat

The project activity is a large scale bundle (UNFCCC ACM0002 methodology) of 3 wind projects in AP, MP and Maharashtra, India. In the absence of the project activity, electricity would have been delivered to the grid by the operation of fossil fuel-based grid-connected power plants and by the addition of new fossil fuel-based generation sources in the grid. As is the nature of wind projects (renewable energy), no fossil fuel is involved for power generation in the project activity. SDGs 7,8,13

This project activity is a large-scale bundle (using UNFCCC ACM0002 methodology) of three wind projects in Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra, India. Without the project, electricity comes from fossil fuel-based grid-connected power plants and new fossil fuel-based generation sources added to the grid. As with all wind projects using renewable energy, no fossil fuels are involved in power generation for this activity. It supports SDGs 7, 8, and 13.

77.2 MW Bundled Wind Projects in AP, MP and Maharashtra, India

This is a 27.65 MW Wind Power Project, developed by “NSL Renewable Power Private Limited” in the state of Karnataka, India. The project consists of 29 WTGs of different capacities which is capable of generating about 48,442 MWh/year of clean power, which is being delivered to gird via state discom. It directly displaces an equivalent amount of fossil fuel based power generation at Grid. Thus, it is contributing to GHG reductions; also catering to various sustainable developments in the region.

This 27.65 MW wind power project, developed by NSL Renewable Power Private Limited in Karnataka, India, consists of 29 wind turbine generators (WTGs) of varying capacities. It generates about 48,442 MWh of clean power annually, delivered to the grid via the state distribution company. The project directly displaces an equivalent amount of fossil fuel-based power generation from the grid, contributing to GHG reductions and supporting various sustainable developments in the region.

27.65 MW Wind Power Project by NSL Renewable Power Private Limited in Karnataka

The project activity is a renewable power generation activity at Berger Paints, Hindupur a leading paint manufacturer. The project activity involves the commissioning of a 992.7 Kwp Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Plant. The solar plant was completed in single-phase and put to use on 8th February 2020. The system has an estimated annual generation of 1433 MWh which works out to 1339 tCO2eq,,

This project activity generates renewable power at Berger Paints in Hindupur, a leading paint manufacturer. It involves a 992.7 kWp grid-connected rooftop solar plant. The plant, completed in a single phase, began operations on February 8, 2020. The system generates an estimated 1,433 MWh annually, resulting in 1,339 tCO2eq reductions.

992.7 Kw Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Plant at Berger Paints, Hindupur

The proposed project activity is the installation of an 18 MW solar photovoltaic power plant/unit for the generation of clean electricity by harnessing the renewable “Solar Energy”. The project is being implemented in Karnataka India by Asian Fab Tec Limited. The Project activity reduces 29,670 tCO2e/annum greenhouse gas emissions (GHG).

This project activity involves the installation of an 18 MW solar photovoltaic power plant for generating clean electricity by harnessing renewable solar energy. The project is implemented in Karnataka, India, by Asian Fab Tec Limited. It reduces 29,670 tCO2e in greenhouse gas emissions annually.

18 MW Solar Power Plants in Karnataka M/s Asian Fab Tec Limited

Lookout Mountain is one of the most biologically diverse and critically imperiled ecoregions in the world stretching 90+ miles across three states; Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia. The 58 acre oak-pine forest is situated between the Chickamauga & Chattanooga National Military Park and the historic St. Elmo neighborhood. By protecting this property, the Conservancy ensures connectivity between habitat corridors and provides essential wildlife habitat for several species including eastern box turtles, red tailed hawks, black bears, and spotted salamanders.

St. Elmo Preservation Project

The Project titled under UCR is “50 MW Wind Power Project by GFL”, which is wind power project located in Surendra Nagar and Rajkot district in the state of Gujarat (India). As per the ex-ante estimate, the project will generate approximately 1,05,120 MWh of electricity per annum. The estimated annual average CO2e emission reduction by the project activity is expected to be 94,608 tCO2e.

This project, titled under UCR as the “50 MW Wind Power Project by GFL,” is a wind power project located in Surendra Nagar and Rajkot Districts, Gujarat, India. Based on the ex-ante estimate, it generates approximately 105,120 MWh of electricity per annum. The project achieves an estimated annual average CO2e emission reduction of 94,608 tCO2e.

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